How to Properly Cleanse Your Face

By Van Le | Washing our face may be the simplest daily routine we can perform for a healthy complexion, but it is often a neglected subject when it comes to discussing skincare. As children, “washing your face” means to simply splash water on our skin for a few seconds. However, as our skin matures, it requires more attention and a proper routine, since properly cleansing our face daily is truly the foundation for fabulous skin. Essentially, the purpose of washing our face is to remove dirt and excess oil, unclog pores, and allow our skin to breath freely. At the same time, it removes dead layers of outer skin to make room for younger, healthier skin. Here are a few tips for properly washing your face.

First, thoroughly wash your hands with warm water. Grease, dirt and grime can transfer from the hands to the face by touch; therefore, it is important to get rid of any leftover residue before touching your face.

Second, wet the face and use a gentle cleanser to wash away the dirt, impurities and pollutants. Try an herbal product that contains natural ingredients and vitamins, such as Vivoderm’s facial cleanser. Infused with skin-friendly herbs such as vitamin A, vitamin E, Aloe vera, rosemary and chamomile extract, it leaves the skin clean and hydrated. It can also be used to remove eye makeup, since it is a gentle product.

Vivoderm’s line of skincare products contains no harsh chemicals or preservatives that can irritate the skin. Apply the cleanser to your face, use your middle and ring fingers to massage the product in a circular motion, moving upward from the chin to forehead. Be careful not to apply too much pressure, especially around delicate areas such as the eyes.

Rinse your face with plenty of luke-warm water to wash away the cleanser along with any dirt and oil. It is especially important to use warm water since hot water can cause capillaries under the skin to burst, while cold water won’t completely remove impurities on the skin. Make sure you wash along the hairline and neck, since soap residue around these areas can irritate the skin and cause more problems.

Next, pat your face dry with a clean towel. Never rub your face since it could cause irritations, and always use a clean towel. A dirty towel will just transfer dirt and pollutants back onto your face, defeating the purpose. Then, use an alcohol-free toner to bring your skin to the proper pH. Vivoderm offers an all-natural toner that helps sooth the skin.

Finish off by applying a moisturizer that replaces the essential oils that have just been washed away. Vivoderm’s intense moisturizer contains a cocktail of natural herbs that helps the skin maintain a healthy glow.

Cleanse your face in the morning and night, but no more than twice a day, since excessive washing can strip the skin of essential oils. By following these steps, clear, healthy skin is simple and easy.

Van Le is a staff writer for the CSU Daily Titan and writing intern for Vivoderm Laboratories in Los Angeles, California. She is currently pursuing a Journalism degree at California State University, Fullerton.

For the latest findings on natural skincare and facemasks, you can also link to http://bestfacemask.com

Skin Typing Features

One of the fascinating features of Skin Typing is that people of different ethnic or racial backgrounds can share a Skin Type. In most instances, all people with the same Skin Type will follow the exact same treatment plan, but sometimes skin color can be a differentiating factor because of the way pigment (the factor in skin that produces color) is produced in different racial and ethnic groups.

For example, two best friends, Valerie, a medium-skin toned brunette, and Dana, a dark-skinned woman, came in for back-to back appointments. After they each took the questionnaire and tabulated their results, they were surprised to discover that they shared the same Skin Type. They were both “P,” Pigmented Skin Types, which gave both Valerie and Dana a tendency to develop pigmentation issues. And each of them did have a problem with pigmentation. That’s why they came to my office. Valerie had an area of dark skin discoloration (called melasma) on her cheek, and Dana had dark spots in areas where she had once had pimples. Although I recommended that they follow the exact same protocol and use the same kinds of products, there was one key difference. Valerie could benefit from an advanced cosmetic procedure that uses light instruments or lasers to treat pigment problems like hers, while Dana would benefit most from prescription products used daily and should not undergo laser treatment since this can cause discoloration in people with darker skin tones.

A Dermatologist’s Story

“A patient came to see me because of skin discoloration on her chin and cheeks. An African-American with oily skin, Sylvia never guessed that the skin scrub she’d picked up at the Neiman Marcus beauty department was causing this problem. Anyone with highly pigmented skin (like many dark skinned people) must stay away from all ingredients and procedures that cause inflammation. Yet, not knowing her SkinType, Sylvia had no idea that her choice of skin product stimulated the inflammatory response, which in turn led to dark spots. I taught Sylvia what to look for on product ingredient labels. Common ingredients, like vitamin C, AHA, and alpha lipoic acid, can create inflammation, as do buff puffs and strong scrubs. She was surprised to learn that hair removal formulas, like Nair, and hot wax products may also cause inflammation. In using wax or a chemical depilatory to remove facial hair, Sylvia wound up with unsightly dark patches that looked far worse than the hair she was trying to remove. Now she knew to avoid them. Once she became aware of the needs of her Skin Type, she was able to make changes that helped reduce the dark spots considerably. In addition, I recommended she use products containing oatmeal, feverfew, chamomile, or licochalone, which are known to have anti-inflammatory properties.” Dr. Leslie Baumann, M.D.

Acne Myths: Chocolate and Sex Causes Acne

Have you been told that you shouldn’t eat chocolate because it causes acne? Or how about French fries? Pizza?

Wrong! That’s just a myth, and while some foods can make acne worse for some people, researchers have found that it does not cause it!  There is recent work from Australia that suggests that high carbohydrate foods may in some people flare their acne. The theory is that chronic consumption of high carbs stimulates the excessive production of insulin so that eventually more and more insulin is needed to assist glucose into cells. This is called insulin resistance. The higher insulin may drive the ovaries to produce more testosterone which in turn encourages acne. This may be what is happening partly in a condition called polycystic ovary syndrome.

There are a number of myths about the causes of acne and how to treat it. Here are just a few:
1. Acne is caused by sexual activity.
When you reach puberty, your body experiences hormonal changes that lead to the development and maturation of your sexual features. These hormonal changes may also cause you to get acne. Acne is associated with these changes, not with sexual activity.

2. Cosmetics will make acne worse.
While it is true that many creams, oils and greases can aggravate your acne, there are many cosmetic products you can use that do not, including sunscreens, moisturizers and foundations. Those that do not aggravate acne or lead to development of comedones are labelled “non-acnegenic” and “non-comedogenic” respectively. (See more information about cosmetics and acne)

3. Acne is caused by dirty skin.
If you have acne, it does not mean that your skin is dirty. What may look like dirt inside your black heads is actually melanin, the pigment that provides the natural color in your skin. Cleansing and scrubbing your skin excessively will not help your acne. In fact, it may make it worse. Remember that the causes of acne affect oil glands, which are well below the surface of the skin, so you should avoid over washing. This can dry out and irritate your skin, increasing inflammation and aggravating the situation. The best thing to do is to gently wash your face twice a day with a mild soap and then pat dry. (Check out MildCleanser.ca for more hints)

4. There is nothing I can do to treat my acne. It will go away on its own.
This is not true! While your acne may eventually go away on its own, it can leave permanent scars on your skin that could have been prevented if you had treated your acne. These scars can really hurt your self-esteem, too! There are many treatment options available. Talk to your doctor about which ones are right for you.

5. Only teenagers get acne.
Wrong again! You can get acne at any age. Even babies can get it, and about 25% of all people between the ages 25-44 have acne. Many adult women have acne because of the constant fluctuation of their hormones during each menstrual cycle. Some medications, like birth control pills, as well as being pregnant can also contribute to adult acne.

6. Picking or squeezing a pimple is the best way to get rid of it quickly.
Squeezing or picking can damage the cells under your skin and cause the pimple to be inflamed or leave a permanent scar. As tempting as it is, you will be better off in the long run to leave them alone and let them heal on their own.

7. Sunlight will improve acne.
While it is true that sun exposure will dry out your existing pimples, it will not prevent new ones from forming. For some people, the sun can actually make their acne worse, and some of the common acne medications, like tetracycline and the retinoids can make your skin supersensitive to the sun leading to serious sunburns. When you’re in the sun, it is always wise to use a sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher to protect your skin.

8. Acne is caused by stress.
While the ordinary stresses from every-day living do not affect acne, some drugs that are used to treat people with severe stress can cause acne as a side-effect. If you think you may have acne because of a drug that has been prescribed for stress or depression, you should talk to your doctor about it.

9. Some foods can cause acne.
In large clinical research studies, no clear associations have been made between foods and acne. However, some foods can make acne worse for some people. If you suspect that a certain food type is making your acne worse, you can determine if it affects it by avoiding that product for 2-4 weeks. If your acne improves over that time period, then it’s possible that you were right! After a break of a few weeks, you can try eating the suspect food again to see whether you get another flare of your acne. Just remember that a healthy, well-balanced diet is the best choice, and foods like chocolate and French fries should be eaten in moderation.

So chocolate lovers, you can still enjoy chocolate now and then without worrying about getting more zits!

About the author: By Richard Thomas, MD
Richard Thomas, MD, FRCPC is Assistant Professor of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Sunscreens, UVB and UVA Rays

By Van Le |  Summer is here! It’s time to tie up that new bathing suit, fire up the grill, and most importantly, slather on the sunscreen. The importance of sun care escalates as knowledge of skin cancer increases in the United States, and the National Cancer Institute estimates that there are more than one million new cases of skin cancer in 2009 alone. Still, loyal sunbathers and frequent beach-goers are able to enjoy some fun in the sun thanks to the vast array of sunscreen available. Sunscreens are available in several forms, including lotion, sprays, ointments, and sticks, and are often labeled with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF), which can range from 2 to 50. The higher the SPF, the more sun protection, and most dermatologists recommend using a sunscreen with an SPF 15 or higher.

Sunscreen protects the skin from harmful UVA and UVB rays from the sun, and too much exposure to these rays can cause sunburn and wrinkles. Long term sun exposure can lead to cancer, which is the most common type of cancer, according to the American Cancer Association. Most sunscreens contain zinc oxide, which as the ability to filter UVA and UVB rays to protect the skin. Zinc oxide has been used in skin products for many years and can be used with all skin types.

UVradiation, a known carcinogen, can have a number of harmful effects on the skin. The two types of UV radiation that can affect the skin—UVA and UVB—have both been linked to skin cancer and a weakening of the immune system. They also contribute to premature aging of the skin and cataracts (a condition that impairs eyesight), and cause skin color changes.

UVA Rays

UVA rays, which are not absorbed by the ozone layer, penetrate deep into the skin and heavilycontribute to premature aging. Up to 90 percent of the visible skin changes commonly attributed to aging are caused by sun exposure.

UVB Rays

These powerful rays, which are partially absorbed by the ozone layer, mostly affect the surface of the skin and are the primary cause of sunburn. Because of the thinning of the ozone layer, the effects of UVB radiation will pose an increased threat until the layer is restored in the latter half of the 21st century.

The following table from the FDA lists these ingredients and includes information regarding the type and amount of ray protection that they provide and their class.

Is a Suntan Healthy?

Just remember, there is no such thing as a healthy suntan. Any change in your natural skin color is a sign of skin damage. Every time your skin color changes after sun exposure, your risk of developing sun-related ailments increases.

Dead Sea Salt Orgins and Treatments

Dead Sea Salt Has been in the news quite a bit. There are a lot of people who have come across this product in malls, friends, or traveling and using something out of the norm. You may be wondering what “dead Sea” salts are….

Health effects and therapies

The Dead Sea area has become a major center for health research and treatment for several reasons. The mineral content of the water, the very low content of pollens and other allergens in the atmosphere, the reduced ultraviolet component of solar radiation, and the higher atmospheric pressure at this great depth each have specific health effects. For example, persons suffering reduced respiratory function from diseases such as cystic fibrosis seem to benefit from the increased atmospheric pressure.

Sufferers of the skin disorder psoriasis also benefit from the ability to sunbathe for long periods in the area due to its position below sea level and subsequent result that many of the sun’s harmful UV rays are reduced. Thus, the region’s climate and low elevation have made it a popular center for several types of therapies:

* Climatotherapy: Treatment which exploits local climatic features such as temperature, humidity, sunshine, barometric pressure and special atmospheric constituents.
* Heliotherapy: Treatment that exploits the biological effects of the sun’s radiation.
* Thalassotherapy: Treatment that exploits bathing in Dead Sea water.

Since the age of Cleopatra, the soothing and healing benefits of Dead Sea minerals have been no secret. For most of us we don’t have the luxury to go to the Dead Sea and experience this first hand. So, manufacturers from the area are crafting products that we can use in the comfort of our home that give us the benefits from these salts and minerals.

What are products made from the Dead Sea? The Dead Sea region is considered to be the area between Jordon and Israel. It is the lowest inhabited place on earth. Because of the unique conditions the region offers, the sea contains a diverse number of minerals. These include Magnesium (salts), Potassium, Calcium and Bromide. The Dead Sea contains the highest combination of mineral compared to any other body of water on earth.

Scientists have been able to extract these mineral and formulate them into products that stimulate our skin’s cells allowing it to “heal” itself. Bathing has become a necessary evil in our daily routines. We must shower to keep clean so that our family and co-workers can be near us but in the process we are washing away natural oils produced by our skin and causing it to dry out. Therefore, it is necessary to take care of our skin in other ways.

What makes Dead Sea Products so special? The all natural nature and the fact that these products are not tested on animals are two big reasons to put these products on the top of your list! But putting all that aside, being able to use these products in your home is revolutionary. If you were able to go to a spa at the Dead Sea you are going to pay between $50 and $100 for once facial. For much less than that, you can treat your skin on a regular basis using a combination of a mud mask, a facial cleanser, toner and a moisturizing cream.

What types of products are there? Common believed benefits from Dead Sea Salts and Minerals include the following: acne fighting, alleviation of effects from Psoriasis and Eczema, Anti-Wrinkle and Anti-Aging through collagen stimulation, cellulite creams as well as the general maintenance and revitalization of your skin.

You might think these products are only for women. But men are now finding the Dead Sea products to provide supreme benefits to their skin as well. Products that include anti-aging, after shave balms, lotions for problem areas like hands and feet as well as other organic skin care products are specially formulated for a man’s body.

The sea is called “dead” because its high salinity prevents macroscopic aquatic organisms, such as fish and aquatic plants, from living in it, though minuscule quantities of bacteria and microbial fungi are present.

In times of flood, the salt content of the Dead Sea can drop from its usual 35% salinity to 30% or lower. The Dead Sea temporarily comes to life in the wake of rainy winters. In 1980, after one such rainy winter, the normally dark blue Dead Sea turned red. Researchers from Hebrew University found the Dead Sea to be teeming with a type of algae called Dunaliella. The Dunaliella in turn nourished carotenoid-containing (red-pigmented) halobacteria whose presence caused the color change. Since 1980, the Dead Sea basin has been dry and the algae and the bacteria have not returned in measurable numbers.

Easy Skincare & Beauty During Pregnancy

As you’re battling morning sickness or skin annoyances such as adolescent-like acne, you want products that are effortless and effective. Fortunately, you can create a gentle, winning routine that’s safe during pregnancy. Here’s how to do it.
Easy Skincare & Beauty During Pregnancy

1. Simplify your routine

Instead of driving yourself crazy reading ingredient lists, pare down your routine to the basics: a gentle cleanser, calming moisturizer and sunscreen.

* Cleanser. Use a mild daily cleanser that’s either glycerin-based, soapless or doesn’t leave a residue, dermatologist Amy Newburger, M.D., tells American Baby. Wash your face no more than two times a day to ward off dryness. To lather up without drying out your skin, use Philosophy Purity Made Simple, a gentle glycerin-based cleanser.

* Moisturizer. Dryness can become a common problem during pregnancy, so a moisturizer to hydrate skin is a definite must. According to dermatologist Frederic Brandt, M.D., use moisturizers with antioxidants like grapeseed or green tea extract to defend against environmental damage. Also, don’t forget to moisturize your entire body. Try Mustela Ultimate Hydration, which contains glycerin and wheat germ oil to nourish dry skin during pregnancy.

* Sunscreen. Pregnancy is no time to skimp on sun protection, dermatologist Leslie Baumann, M.D., tells BabyCenter. Most ingredients found in sunscreen are safe, including physical blockers like titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. However, always check with your doctor if you’re unsure about your sunscreen’s safety (or any product for that matter). Try Belli Anti Chloasma Facial Sunscreen SPF 25 to guard against both UVA and UVB rays.

2. Address problems safely

You probably rely on certain go-to products when you spy a pimple or a new brown spot. However, you’ll need to adjust your routine, because your products might not be safe during pregnancy.

* Stretch marks. Unfortunately, stretch marks are largely hereditary and hard to prevent. But you do have two effective options, dermatologist Ken Beer, M.D., tells WebMD: post-pregnancy laser treatments and topical treatments. After giving birth, you can consult with a dermatologist about laser treatments. In the meantime, look for creams with glycolic acid or green tea.

* Itchiness. Scratching miserably at your stomach, breasts, arms or legs? You’re not alone. The Mayo Clinic reports that pregnant women often have this problem. Also, ongoing skin irritations like dermatitis can worsen during pregnancy. To relieve itchiness, which tends to be worse in the third trimester, dermatologist Ellen Marmur, M.D., tells WebMD:

o Use milk. Ease itching by soaking a washcloth in milk and placing it on your belly.

o Try oatmeal. Add a handful of oatmeal to a warm bath.

o Soothe with moisturizer. Look for a moisturizing body lotion to hydrate and calm the skin, such as ATOPALM MLE Body Lotion.

o Talk to your doctor. Your doctor can prescribe steroid creams to alleviate itching. Importantly, keep the physician informed of any skin changes. Speak up right away if itchiness is accompanied by a rash or blisters. It could “be an autoimmune reaction known as pemphigoid gestationis or herpesgestationis,” according to WebMD. These reactions can increase the likelihood of premature birth and harm the baby’s health.

* Chloasma or melasma. Also known as the mask of pregnancy, these dark spots can appear on your face and body because of hormones. While no prescription treatment has been proven safe, topical treatments that use ingredients such as vitamin C or azelaic acid are worth a try, says Dr. Marmur.

Stay away from soy-based skincare products, which can exacerbate melasma or chloasma, Dr. Baumann tells BabyCenter. In addition, stay out of the sun and use a broad-spectrum sunscreen liberally. And don’t forget to wear a hat.

* Acne. Due to surging hormones, acne is quite common during pregnancy. But, before trying an acne-fighting product, talk it over with your doctor to make sure it’s safe.

Avoid the following active ingredients, because they might harm your developing baby:

o Retinoids. Because Accutane causes birth defects, it isn’t safe for use during pregnancy. Also, dermatologists suggest patients stop taking Accutane a month before trying to conceive, according to Fit Pregnancy. It’s also important to skip topical retinoids, such as Avage, Differin, Renova, Retin-A and Tazorac.

o Salicylic acid. When topically applied, this beta hydroxy acid hasn’t been associated with adverse effects. But, when taken in its oral form (i.e., aspirin) in high doses, it can cause birth defects and complications during pregnancy. Also, avoid salicylic acid face and body peels, suggests BabyCenter.

o Benzoyl peroxide. To be on the safe side, dermatologist Jody Levine, M.D., tells Fit Pregnancy to skip benzoyl peroxide, because some of it might get absorbed.

So, what ingredients are safe? Dermatologist Sumayah Jamal, M.D., Ph.D., tells WebMD, that the following is safe to combat acne:

o Over-the-counter topical treatments containing sulfur, glycolic acid or other alpha hydroxy acids and at-home microdermabrasion.

o Prescription medication such as erythromycin cream and azelaic acid.

3. Enhance your beautiful glow

The best way to enhance your natural glow is to choose a few basic products to highlight your features. To maintain a beautiful, natural look, American Baby and WebMD suggest the following tips:

* Banish blemishes and dark circles with concealer.

* Ease your acne symptoms with foundation formulated for oily skin and mineral-based loose powder. Try Philosophy Air-Brushed Canvas SPF 15, which combines concealer, sun protection and powder in one for perfect coverage and a soft finish.

* Define lashes with mascara. Check out a waterproof version for those teary-eyed moments.

* Look for multi-purpose products that you can use on your eyes, lips and cheeks.

* Swipe on a lipstick that features SPF protection — your lips need defense against the sun, too.

Hormonal Treatment of Acne

Hormonal treatments, including oral contraceptives, have long been recognized by dermatologists to be an effective treatment option for women who have acne, no matter how severe.

Acne is thought to be initiated by the effect of masculinising hormones called “androgens” on oil glands that, during puberty, enlarge and become increasingly sensitive. This results in excessive oil secretion and blockage of pores, which leads to the initial non-inflamed spots of acne (whiteheads and blackheads). As the acne bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes) proliferate, the oil-rich environment in the pores leads to inflammation which becomes visibly apparent as red pimples, pustules and lumps.

Hormonal therapy for acne is, therefore, meant to interrupt this initial phase of this cascading sequence of acne development. Such preparations include oral contraceptives such as Diane-35®, Tri-Cyclen®, Alesse®, and Yasmin®; and a non-contraceptive anti-androgen, spironolactone.

Androgens that play a part in causing acne include 5-dihydrodrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S). The production of these androgens from ovaries and adrenal glands is mediated by gonadotrophins. Levels of testosterone are inversely related to levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), so that if T increases, SHBG decreases and when T is reduced, SHBG increases.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a condition found in women who have very high androgen and testosterone levels. Symptoms include obesity, infertility, scalp hair loss, increased facial and body hair, irregular periods, acne and elevated blood insulin levels. This condition affects 5-10% of women in their reproductive years. Clinical evaluation and blood testing can be performed to diagnose this disorder. In addition to exercise and weight control, hormonal therapy is often helpful in this condition.
Oral Contraceptives (OCs)

OCs, which contain estrogen and progestins, directly affect how much androgen your body produces and can therefore impact acne. Possible ways that estrogens may be working to improve acne include:

* Decreased production of adrenal (DHEA-S) and ovarian androgens (A, T);
* Inhibition of the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase, which leads to a reduction of DHT levels;
* SHBG increase, which reduces levels of T.

Progestins vary in their androgenic or testosterone-like activity and may, therefore, have variable effects on acne. Progestins with the lowest androgenic activity are more appropriate in the treatment of acne and other disoders caused by increased androgen levels (desogestrel, norgestimate). Alternatively, cyproterone acetate – an antiandrogenic progesterone derivative - may be combined with the estrogen component.

Currently available OCs such as Diane-35®, Tri-Cyclen®, Alesse®, and Yasmin® contain progestins with minimal androgenic or anti-androgenic activity, providing an important therapeutic option for women with acne. Their proven effectiveness and long-term safety profile supports their use in various grades of acne in females:

* as additional therapy with topical agents for women who have mild, non-scarring acne and who desire oral contraception;
* as primary therapy in moderate, non-scarring acne in combination with topical therapy and systemic antibiotics;
* in scarring and severe inflammatory acne as one of two preferred methods of contraception in patients treated with systemic isotretinoin.

Clinical studies in acne patients treated with Tricyclen and Alesse show that acne spots were reduced by 40-50% over a course of 6 months. The extent of improvement may be greater with Diane-35 as patients in a Canadian acne survey generally considered Diane-35â to be more effective for treating acne than Tricyclenâ. Side effects common to all oral contraceptive preparations included breast tenderness, headache, and nausea. These were typically mild and tended to resolve by the second cycle. A newly approved oral contraceptive in Canada, Yasminâ, has been shown to be as effective as Diane-35â for treating acne.
Spironolactone

Spironolactone, a synthetic steroid, is an anti-androgen that binds to the body’s androgen receptors, thus blocking the androgens from binding to the cell receptors, inhibits 5-alpha-reductase enzyme activity and reduces androgen biosynthesis. Small studies using this agent for treating acne have been shown to be effective with few side effects, but larger studies are needed for confirmation.

About the author:
Dr. Jerry K. L. Tan, MD, FRCPC: Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, Windsor, Canada. Director, Acne Research and Treatment Centre, Windsor, Canada. Area of specialty: acne and rosacea.

Skin Changes Through Pregnancy

Chloasma or the “Mask of Pregnancy” can cause blotchy discoloration on your face and splashes of darkened skin that may appear on the forehead, nose, and cheeks in a mask-like configuration on some pregnant women — more often in dark-skinned women.

What causes chloasma?  Those annoying pregnancy hormones are showing up again, causing hyperpigmentation on many parts of your body. You might have noticed your freckles and moles are darker now, there’s probably a dark line down the center of your abdomen (the linea nigra), and your areolas might be a deeper shade as well.  Dark-skinned women usually notice such hyperpigmentation more, but light-skinned women aren’t off the hook completely — they too will get their fair share of darkening skin, though it may not be as noticeable.

Despite have clear skin most of their lives, many women find another “new experience” awaiting them once they discover a pregnancy. The beginning stages can be small and unnoticeable pimples - usually showing around the jaw line or forehead due to hormonal fluctuations.

Three main factors contribute to acne: increased oil production, clogged pores, and a bacteria called P acnes. First, oil causes the dead skin cells to stick together, leading to a clogged pore, which is called a blackhead or a whitehead. Bacteria then moves into the pore, producing inflammation, which manifests as redness and pus. Addressing acne requires medications or treatments that decrease oil secretion, unclog pores, and kill bacteria.

As the pregnancy progresses, the acne will worsen. It is at this point, many women may frantically search for cures in their local drugstore or try home remedies. Perhaps they feel overwhelmed by the choices or confused by the long list of ingredients and decide to give up finding a solution. In some cases, the acne can grow to included pigmented or “age” spots as well.

All of these changes typically last the duration of the pregnancy and are due to hormonal changes and increased oil production, resulting in acne, while higher estrogen levels will activate skin color cells to make dark spots. This occurrence is so common in pregnancy that it’s been given the name “mask of pregnancy.” Sun exposure will exacerbate the issue further without a good sunscreen or sun protection.

Like many others, when facial skin suddenly becomes oily, the first reaction is to take away all moisture or anything ‘greasy’ that can increase the feel of oil on the skin layer.

Never fear, these again are temporary problems with easy fixes. First, stop using anything oil-based and switch to gel-based or water based sunscreens and moisturizers for the time being. Treat your skin as if it were previously an acne-prone, pigmented type and finally ask your doctor or dermatologist for a baby-safe acne treatment if the situation is really uncomfortable. Your skin should return to its previous condition soon after your baby is born.

•  In the meantime - Eat foods that contain folic acid (you’ll also get plenty in your prenatal supplement), since studies have shown that a folate deficiency can be related to hyperpigmentation. Good choices include green leafy vegetables, oranges, whole-wheat bread, and whole-grain cereal.

•  Stay out of the sun as much as possible and wear a sunscreen of at least SPF 15 (sunlight can also intensify hyperpigmentation). A hat and long sleeves are a good idea if you’re fair-skinned, headed to the beach, or have a historically sensitive complexion.

•  If you like, use a good concealer to cover particularly pesky spots, but skip bleaches or other chemically based lightening treatments until after you give birth. Refrain from using peels or lasers as well, as they could interfer with the chemical balance of the fetus.

Oil Production in the skin

The skin has many oil (sebaceous) glands, which secrete oil that contains wax esters, triglycerides, and squalene - a hydrocarbon that is an intermediate in the formation of cholesterol. These fats (or lipids) form a film that helps keep moisture in the skin. While increased sebum production results in oily skin, the opposite is not always the case, as dry skin can also arise from an impaired skin barrier. Oil production can be affected by diet, stress, and hormones-as well as genetics. In a study of twenty pairs each of identical and nonidentical same-sex twins, identical twins had virtually identical amounts of oil production, while the nonidentical twins had significantly different amounts.

No amount of blotting and scrubbing will “remove” the skin’s oil production, and many of us unknowingly destroy the natural beauty of the skin in pursuit of clarity. The skin’s own sebum mechanism is there to regulate own moisture. Drying your skin profusely with oil-stripping, foaming cleansers, detergents and de-greasers like soap and sulfates, or alcohol-based toners that leave the skin feeling tight (always a sign it’s been stripped), will only cause the skin to “rebound” with excess oiliness and destroy its protective and anti-bacterial “matrix,” leaving it sensitized. By stripping the natural acid mantle of the skin, these deep cleaning products actually make skin more vulnerable to bacteria and inflammation. Dabbing benzoyl peroxide often destroys the beauty of the skin by causing flaking, while more aggressive treatments, such as antibiotics or Accutane can cause a cascade of side-effects.

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